Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine
Volume 22 Issue 2 Page 330-334, March–April 2008
To cite this article: J.K. Levy, P.C. Crawford, H. Kusuhara, K. Motokawa, T. Gemma, R. Watanabe, S. Arai, D. Bienzle, T. Hohdatsu (2008) Differentiation of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Vaccination, Infection, or Vaccination and Infection in Cats
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 22 (2) , 330–334 doi:10.1111/j.1939-1676.2008.0078.x
Abstract
Differentiation of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Vaccination, Infection, or Vaccination and Infection in Cats
J.K. Levy11Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; ,
P.C. Crawford11Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; ,
H. Kusuhara22Research Center for Biologicals, The Kitasato Institute, Kitamoto, Saitama, Japan; ,
K. Motokawa22Research Center for Biologicals, The Kitasato Institute, Kitamoto, Saitama, Japan; ,
T. Gemma22Research Center for Biologicals, The Kitasato Institute, Kitamoto, Saitama, Japan; ,
R. Watanabe22Research Center for Biologicals, The Kitasato Institute, Kitamoto, Saitama, Japan; ,
S. Arai22Research Center for Biologicals, The Kitasato Institute, Kitamoto, Saitama, Japan; ,
D. Bienzle33Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, Guelph, ON, Canada; and , and
T. Hohdatsu44Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Disease, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, Japan
1Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; 2Research Center for Biologicals, The Kitasato Institute, Kitamoto, Saitama, Japan; 3Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, Guelph, ON, Canada; and 4Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Disease, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, Japan
Reported in part at the 144th Meeting of the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science, Ebetsu, Japan, September 2–4, 2007 (abstract).
Corresponding author: Dr Julie Levy, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, Gainesville, FL 32610; e-mail: levyj@vetmed.ufl.edu.
Abstract
Background: Serodiagnosis of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is complicated by the use of a formalin-inactivated whole-virus FIV vaccine. Cats respond to immunization with antibodies indistinguishable from those produced during natural infection by currently available diagnostic tests, which are unable to distinguish cats that are vaccinated against FIV, infected with FIV, or both.
Hypothesis: An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detecting antibodies against formalin-treated FIV whole virus and untreated transmembrane peptide will distinguish uninfected from infected cats, regardless of vaccination status.
Animals: Blood samples were evaluated from uninfected unvaccinated cats (n = 73 samples), uninfected FIV-vaccinated cats (n = 89), and FIV-infected cats (n = 102, including 3 from cats that were also vaccinated).
Methods: The true status of each sample was determined by virus isolation. Plasma samples were tested for FIV antibodies by a commercial FIV diagnostic assay and an experimental discriminant ELISA.
Results: All samples from uninfected cats were correctly identified by the discriminant ELISA (specificity 100%). Of the samples collected from FIV-infected cats, 99 were correctly identified as FIV-infected (sensitivity 97.1%).
Conclusions and Clinical Importance: With the exception of viral isolation, the discriminant ELISA is the most reliable assay for diagnosis of FIV. A practical strategy for the diagnosis of FIV infection would be to use existing commercial FIV antibody assays as screening tests. Negative results with commercial assays are highly reliable predictors for lack of infection. Positive results can be confirmed with the discriminant ELISA. If the discriminant ELISA is negative, the cat is probably vaccinated against FIV but not infected. Positive results are likely to represent infection.
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